- After epiphyseal closure, long bones cease longitudinal growth, but craniofacial and alveolar bones continue remodeling, mediated by osteoclast resorption and osteoblast deposition.
- Bone remodeling is responsive to mechanical loading and local biochemical signals, allowing structural adaptation even in adulthood.
Peptides and Hormones Promoting Osteogenesis
- IGF‑1: Enhances osteoblast differentiation, collagen synthesis, and matrix mineralization; localized delivery accelerates bone formation.
- MGF: Upregulated by mechanical stress; promotes osteoblast proliferation, osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, and matrix deposition. PEGylated forms extend biological activity.
- GH and GHRH (CJC-1295): Elevate systemic IGF‑1, stimulating periosteal bone apposition and osteoblast activity.
- Teriparatide (PTH 1–34): Intermittent administration stimulates osteoblast-mediated bone formation, increasing bone volume and mineral density.
- BMPs and PDGF: Induce mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and enhance new bone formation and integration at graft sites.
this shit is important too
- Mechanical Loading
- Nutritional Support: Complex Proteins, calcium, vitamins D3, K2. they provide substrates for osteogenesis
